Te Rino Waro me te Rino Kowiri tira: Te Mārama ki te Rerekētanga me ā Rātou Whakamahinga i roto i ngā Taura Waea
maitai waro
Ko te maitai waro e pā ana ki te maitai e whakawhirinaki ana ki te nui o te waro kei roto, ko tōna kaha me ōna āhuatanga hangarau. He iti noa iho te koranu i tāpirihia. Ka kiia hoki ko te maitai waro ma, ko te maitai hanganga waro rānei. He koranu rino-waro he iti iho i te 2% te waro. Haunga te waro, he iti noa iho te silicon, te manganese, te whanariki, me te phosphorus kei roto.
E ai ki te whakamahinga, e toru ngā momo o te maitai waro: te maitai hanganga waro, te maitai taputapu waro, me te maitai hanganga ngāwari-tapa. Ka wehea te maitai hanganga waro ki te maitai hanga me te maitai hanga mīhini. I runga i te āhua o tōna hanganga, ka taea te whakamahi hei maitai oumu tuwhera, hei maitai whakawhiti, hei maitai oumu hiko rānei. I runga i te āhua o tōna whakakorenga waikura, kei roto ko te maitai taha (F), te maitai whakamate (Z), te maitai whakamate-haurua (b), me te maitai whakamate motuhake (TZ).
Ki te nui o te waro kei roto, ko ngā maitai waro he maitai waro-iti (≤ 0.25%), he maitai waro-waenga (0.25–0.6%), me te maitai waro-tiketike (> 0.6%). Ki te nui o te whākawa me te whanariki kei roto, ko ngā maitai waro he maitai waro noa (P, S teitei ake), he maitai waro kounga teitei (P, S iti iho), he maitai waro pai ake (P, S iti tonu), me te maitai waro tino pai ake (P, S tino iti). Ko te tikanga, ko te nui o te waro he nui ake te pakeke me te kaha engari he iti ake te ngāwari me te pakari.
Ko te kowiri tira he kowiri tira e ātete ana ki te waikura me te waikura. E pā ana ki te kowiri tira e ātete ana ki te waikura hau me te waikura waikawa. He kowiri tira teitei-konumohe me te neke atu i te 60% te rino me ngā huānga pēnei i te chromium, te nickel, me te molybdenum. Ina neke atu te chromium i te 12%, ka ātete te maitai ki te waikura hau me te waikawa hauota ngoikore nā te mea ka hangaia e te chromium he kiriata matotoru o te chromium oxide i runga i te mata.
Ahakoa he nui ake i te 14% te chromium o te maitai kore waikura, ka waikura tonu pea. I ngā takutai moana, i ngā wāhi tino poke rānei, he nui ngā iona chloride i te rangi, ka waikura pea te mata. Ka noho tonu ēnei ira ki te mata, ā, kāore e kino ki te roto o te tinana maitai.
I roto i te maitai he nui ake i te 12% te chromium ka whiwhi koe i ngā āhuatanga kowiri tira. Mā te hanganga iti i muri i te maimoatanga wera, ka wehea ngā maitai kowiri tira ki ngā momo e rima: te maitai ferritic, te martensitic, te austenitic, te takirua (austenitic-ferritic), me ngā maitai kowiri tira whakapakeke-wai.
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Kowiri tira Ferritic – He 12–30% te chromium kei roto. He pai te ātete ki te waikura, te pakari, me te ngāwari ki te whakarewa. He pai ake hoki te ātete ki te waikura ahotea chloride i ētahi atu momo.
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Kowiri tira Austenitic – Neke atu i te 18% te konukōmiuma, tata ki te 8% te nikara, me te iti o te moriperenuma, te taitānema, me te hauota. He pai te mahi whānui, ā, he ātete ki ngā taiao waikura maha.
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Kowiri tira takirua – He hanganga austenitic me te ferritic ōna. He kaha ake, he ātete hoki ki te waikura.
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Kowiri tira Martensitic – He kaha nui engari he iti ake te ngāwari, ā, he kino ake te āheinga ki te whakarewa.
Te tono i roto i te maitai kore waikura Ngā Taura Waea
Kowiri tira—ina koa ko ngā momo pērā i te AISI 304 me te 316—e whakamahia ana hei hanga ngā taura waea mō ngā whakamahinga moana, hanga whare, me ngā mahi ahumahi. He kaha ēnei taura waea, ā, he ātete hoki ki te waikura i te wā kotahi. Ka roa te mau i roto i ngā taiao uaua pērā i te takutai moana, i ngā wāhi makuku rānei. Mā te kiriata o te waikura chromium i runga i te mata ka āwhina i te tiaki i te taura mai i te waikura. Mā te nikara me te moripenema ka āwhina i te ātete ki ngā waikawa me ngā pūhaumāota.
He kounga teitei ngā mea e tukuna ana e Tianli Metal taura waea kowiri tira e whakaatu ana i ngā āhuatanga pai rawa atu o ēnei koranu—te kaha, te ngāwari, te roa o te ora i roto i ngā āhuatanga uaua.